- Which term refers to a network that provides secure access to the corporate offices by suppliers, customers and collaborators?
- Internet
- intranet
- extranet*
- extendednet
Explain:
The term Internet refers to the worldwide collection of connected
networks. Intranet refers to a private connection of LANs and WANS that
belong to an organization and is designed to be accessible to the
members of the organization, employees, or others with authorization.
Extranets provide secure and safe access to suppliers, customers, and
collaborators. Extendednet is not a type of network.
- A small business user is looking for an ISP connection that
provides high speed digital transmission over regular phone lines. What
ISP connection type should be used?
- DSL*
- dial-up
- satellite
- cell modem
- cable modem
- Refer to the exhibit. An administrator is trying to
configure the switch but receives the error message that is displayed in
the exhibit. What is the problem?
- The entire command, configure terminal, must be used.
- The administrator is already in global configuration mode.
- The administrator must first enter privileged EXEC mode before issuing the command.*
- The administrator must connect via the console port to access global configuration mode.
Explain:
In order to enter global configuration mode, the command configure
terminal, or a shortened version such as config t, must be entered from
privileged EXEC mode. In this scenario the administrator is in user EXEC
mode, as indicated by the > symbol after the hostname. The
administrator would need to use the enable command to move into
privileged EXEC mode before entering the configure terminal command.
- Which keys act as a hot key combination that is used to interrupt an IOS process?
- Ctrl-Shift-X
- Ctrl-Shift-6*
- Ctrl-Z
- Ctrl-C
Explain:
The Cisco IOS provides both hot keys and shortcuts for configuring
routers and switches. The Ctrl-Shift-6 hot key combination is used to
interrupt an IOS process, such as a ping or traceroute. Ctrl-Z is used
to exit the configuration mode. Ctrl-C aborts the current command.
Ctrl-Shift-X has no IOS function.
- Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is configuring
access control to switch SW1. If the administrator uses Telnet to
connect to the switch, which password is needed to access user EXEC
mode?
- letmein
- secretin
- lineconin
- linevtyin*
Explain:
Telnet accesses a network device through the virtual interface
configured with the line VTY command. The password configured under this
is required to access the user EXEC mode. The password configured under
the line console 0 command is required to gain entry through the
console port, and the enable and enable secret passwords are used to
allow entry into the privileged EXEC mode.
- A network administrator enters the service
passwordencryption command into the configuration mode of a router.
What does this command accomplish?
- This command encrypts passwords as they are transmitted across serial WAN links.
- This command prevents someone from viewing the running configuration passwords.*
- This command enables a strong encryption algorithm for the enable secret password command.
- This command automatically encrypts passwords in configuration files that are currently stored in NVRAM.
- This command provides an exclusive encrypted password for external service personnel who are required to do router maintenance.
- What is the purpose of the SVI on a Cisco switch?
- The SVI provides a physical interface for remote access to the switch.
- The SVI provides a faster method for switching traffic between ports on the switch.
- The SVI adds Layer 4 connectivity between VLANs.
- The SVI provides a virtual interface for remote access to the switch.*
Explain:
The SVI is a virtual, not physical, interface that provides remote
access to the switch. It does not impact Layer 4 nor does it enhance
switching between switch ports on the switch.
- Which message delivery option is used when all devices need to receive the same message simultaneously?
- duplex
- unicast
- multicast
- broadcast*
Explain:
When all devices need to receive the same message simultaneously, the
message would be delivered as a broadcast. Unicast delivery occurs when
one source host sends a message to one destination host. The sending of
the same message from a host to a group of destination hosts is
multicast delivery. Duplex communications refers to the ability of the
medium to carry messages in both directions.
- Which two protocols function at the internet layer? (Choose two.)
Explain:
ICMP and IP both function at the internet layer, whereas PPP is a
network access layer protocol, and POP and BOOTP are application layer
protocols.
- What PDU is associated with the transport layer?
- segment*
- packet
- frame
- bits
Explain:
The PDU for the transport layer is called a segment. Packets, frames,
and bits are PDUs for the network, data link, and physical layers
respectively.
- What is done to an IP packet before it is transmitted over the physical medium?
- It is tagged with information guaranteeing reliable delivery.
- It is segmented into smaller individual pieces.
- It is encapsulated into a TCP segment.
- It is encapsulated in a Layer 2 frame.*
Explain:
When messages are sent on a network, the encapsulation process works
from the top of the OSI or TCP/IP model to the bottom. At each layer of
the model, the upper layer information is encapsulated into the data
field of the next protocol. For example, before an IP packet can be
sent, it is encapsulated in a data link frame at Layer 2 so that it can
be sent over the physical medium.
- What type of communication medium is used with a wireless LAN connection?
- fiber
- radio waves*
- microwave
- UTP
Explain:
A wired LAN connection commonly uses UTP. A wireless LAN connection uses radio waves.
- In addition to the cable length, what two factors could interfere with the communication carried over UTP cables? (Choose two.)
- crosstalk*
- bandwidth
- size of the network
- signal modulation technique
- electromagnetic interference *
Explain:
Copper media is widely used in network communications. However, copper
media is limited by distance and signal interference. Data is
transmitted on copper cables as electrical pulses. The electrical pulses
are susceptible to interference from two sources:
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio frequency interference (RFI)
– EMI and RFI signals can distort and corrupt the data signals being
carried by copper media.
Crosstalk – Crosstalk is a disturbance caused by the electric or
magnetic fields of a signal on one wire interfering with the signal in
an adjacent wire.
- What are the two sublayers of the OSI model data link layer? (Choose two.)
- internet
- physical
- LLC*
- transport
- MAC*
- network access
Explain:
The data link layer of the OSI model is divided into two sublayers: the
Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer and the Logical Link Control (LLC)
sublayer.
- A technician has been asked to develop a physical topology
for a network that provides a high level of redundancy. Which physical
topology requires that every node is attached to every other node on the
network?
- bus
- hierarchical
- mesh*
- ring
- star
Explain:
The mesh topology provides high availability because every node is
connected to all other nodes. Mesh topologies can be found in WANs. A
partial mesh topology can also be used where some, but not all, end
points connect to one another.
- What type of communication rule would best describe CSMA/CD?
- access method*
- flow control
- message encapsulation
- message encoding
- If data is being sent over a wireless network, then connects
to an Ethernet network, and eventually connects to a DSL connection,
which header will be replaced each time the data travels through a
network infrastructure device?
- Layer 3
- data link*
- physical
- Layer 4
Explain:
Because each data link layer protocol controls how the device accesses
the media, the data link information must be removed and re-attached.
Even if a packet is going from one Ethernet network to another Ethernet
network, the data link layer information is replaced.
- What best describes the destination IPv4 address that is used by multicasting?
- a single IP multicast address that is used by all destinations in a group*
- an IP address that is unique for each destination in the group
- a group address that shares the last 23 bits with the source IPv4 address
- a 48 bit address that is determined by the number of members in the multicast group
Explain:
The destination multicast IPv4 address is a group address, which is a single IP multicast address within the Class D range.
- In an Ethernet network, when a device receives a frame of 1200 bytes, what will it do?
- drop the frame
- process the frame as it is*
- send an error message to the sending device
- add random data bytes to make the frame 1518 bytes long and then forward it
Explain:
Ethernet standards define the minimum frame as 64 bytes and a maximum of
1518 bytes. A frame less than 64 bytes is considered a “collision
fragment” or “runt frame” and is automatically discarded by receiving
devices. A frame greater than 1500 is considered a “baby giant”. A 1200
byte frame is within the normal range so it would be processed as is.
- What important information is examined in the Ethernet frame header by a Layer 2 device in order to forward the data onward?
- source MAC address
- source IP address
- destination MAC address*
- Ethernet type
- destination IP address
Explain:
The Layer 2 device, such as a switch, uses the destination MAC address
to determine which path (interface or port) should be used to send the
data onward to the destination device.
- What will a Layer 2 switch do when the destination MAC address of a received frame is not in the MAC table?
- It initiates an ARP request.
- It broadcasts the frame out of all ports on the switch.
- It notifies the sending host that the frame cannot be delivered.
- It forwards the frame out of all ports except for the port at which the frame was received.*
Explain:
A Layer 2 switch determines how to handle incoming frames by using its
MAC address table. When an incoming frame contains a destination MAC
address that is not in the table, the switch forwards the frame out all
ports, except for the port on which it was received.
- What are two features of ARP? (Choose two.)
- If a host is ready to send a
packet to a local destination device and it has the IP address but not
the MAC address of the destination, it generates an ARP broadcast.*
- An ARP request is sent to all devices on the Ethernet LAN and
contains the IP address of the destination host and its multicast MAC
address.
- When a host is encapsulating a packet into a frame, it refers to the
MAC address table to determine the mapping of IP addresses to MAC
addresses.
- If no device responds to the ARP request, then the originating node
will broadcast the data packet to all devices on the network segment.
- If a device receiving an ARP request has the destination IPv4 address, it responds with an ARP reply.*
Explain:
When a node encapsulates a data packet into a frame, it needs the
destination MAC address. First it determines if the destination device
is on the local network or on a remote network. Then it checks the ARP
table (not the MAC table) to see if a pair of IP address and MAC address
exists for either the destination IP address (if the destination host
is on the local network) or the default gateway IP address (if the
destination host is on a remote network). If the match does not exist,
it generates an ARP broadcast to seek the IP address to MAC address
resolution. Because the destination MAC address is unknown, the ARP
request is broadcast with the MAC address FFFF.FFFF.FFFF. Either the
destination device or the default gateway will respond with its MAC
address, which enables the sending node to assemble the frame. If no
device responds to the ARP request, then the originating node will
discard the packet because a frame cannot be created.
- Which two services are required to enable a computer to
receive dynamic IP addresses and access the Internet using domain names?
(Choose two.)
- DNS*
- WINS
- HTTP
- DHCP*
- SMTP
- What is a basic characteristic of the IP protocol?
- connectionless*
- media dependent
- user data segmentation
- reliable end-to-end delivery
Explain:
Internet Protocol (IP) is a network layer protocol that does not require
initial exchange of control information to establish an end-to-end
connection before packets are forwarded. Thus, IP is connectionless and
does not provide reliable end-to-end delivery by itself. IP is media
independent. User data segmentation is a service provided at the
transport layer.
- Refer to the exhibit. A user issues the command netstat –r
on a workstation. Which IPv6 address is one of the link-local addresses
of the workstation?
- ::1/128
- fe80::30d0:115:3f57:fe4c/128*
- fe80::/64
- 2001:0:9d38:6ab8:30d0:115:3f57:fe4c/128
Explain:
In the IPv6 address scheme, the network of fe80::/10 is reserved for
link-local addresses. The address fe80::/64 is a network address that
indicates, in this workstation, fe80::/64 is actually used for
link-local addresses. Thus the address fe80::30d0:115:3f57:fe4c/128 is a
valid IPv6 link-local address.
- What is the valid most compressed format possible of the IPv6 address 2001:0DB8:0000:AB00:0000:0000:0000:1234?
- 2001:DB8:0:AB00::1234*
- 2001:DB8:0:AB::1234
- 2001:DB8::AB00::1234
- 2001:DB8:0:AB:0:1234
Explain:
There are two rules defining how an IPv6 address can be compressed. The
first rule states that leading zeros in a hextet can be eliminated. The
second rule states that a single :: can be used to represent one or more
contiguous all zero hextets. There can be one and only one :: in an
IPv6 address.
- At a minimum, which address is required on IPv6-enabled interfaces?
- link-local*
- unique local
- site local
- global unicast
Explain:
All IPv6 enabled interfaces must at minimum have a link-local address.
Other IPv6 addresses can be assigned to the interface as required.
- An IPv6 enabled device sends a data packet with the destination address of FF02::2. What is the target of this packet?
- all IPv6 enabled devices across the network
- all IPv6 enabled devices on the local link
- all IPv6 DHCP servers
- all IPv6 configured routers on the local link*
Explain:
FF02::2 identifies all IPv6 routers that exist on the link or network.
FF02::1 is the target for all IPv6 enabled devices on the link or
network.
- What is the purpose of ICMP messages?
- to inform routers about network topology changes
- to ensure the delivery of an IP packet
- to provide feedback of IP packet transmissions*
- to monitor the process of a domain name to IP address resolution
Explain:
The purpose of ICMP messages is to provide feedback about issues that are related to the processing of IP packets.
- Which statement describes a characteristic of the traceroute utility?
- It sends four Echo Request messages.
- It utilizes the ICMP Source Quench messages.
- It is primarily used to test connectivity between two hosts.
- It identifies the routers in the path from a source host to a destination host.*
Explain:
Traceroute is a utility that generates a list of hops (or routers) along the path from a source host to the destination host.
- What is the usable number of host IP addresses on a network that has a /26 mask?
Explain:
A /26 mask is the same as 255.255.255.192. The mask leaves 6 host bits.
With 6 host bits, 64 IP addresses are possible. One address represents
the subnet number and one address represents the broadcast address,
which means that 62 addresses can then be used to assign to network
devices.
- Refer to the exhibit. An administrator must send a message
to everyone on the router A network. What is the broadcast address for
network 172.16.16.0/22?
- 172.16.16.255
- 172.16.20.255
- 172.16.19.255*
- 172.16.23.255
- 172.16.255.255
Explain:
The 172.16.16.0/22 network has 22 bits in the network portion and 10
bits in the host portion. Converting the network address to binary
yields a subnet mask of 255.255.252.0. The range of addresses in this
network will end with the last address available before 172.16.20.0.
Valid host addresses for this network range from
172.16.16.1-172.16.19.254, making 172.16.19.255 the broadcast address.
- Given IPv6 address prefix 2001:db8::/48, what will be the last subnet that is created if the subnet prefix is changed to /52?
- 2001:db8:0:f00::/52
- 2001:db8:0:8000::/52
- 2001:db8:0:f::/52
- 2001:db8:0:f000::/52*
Explain:
Prefix 2001:db8::/48 has 48 network bits. If we subnet to a /52, we are
moving the network boundary four bits to the right and creating 16
subnets. The first subnet is 2001:db8::/52 the last subnet is
2001:db8:0:f000::/52.
- A technician with a PC is using multiple applications while
connected to the Internet. How is the PC able to keep track of the data
flow between multiple application sessions and have each application
receive the correct packet flows?
- The data flow is being tracked based on the destination port number utilized by each application.
- The data flow is being tracked based on the source port number utilized by each application.*
- The data flow is being tracked based on the source IP address used by the PC of the technician.
- The data flow is being tracked based on the destination IP address used by the PC of the technician.
Explain:
The source port number of an application is randomly generated and used
to individually keep track of each session connecting out to the
Internet. Each application will use a unique source port number to
provide simultaneous communication from multiple applications through
the Internet.
- What three services are provided by the transport layer? (Choose three.)
- flow control*
- encryption of data
- path determination
- connection establishment *
- error recovery*
- bit transmission
- data representation
Explain:
The transport layer is responsible for tracking digital conversations
between a source application and a destination application through the
use of port numbers. Two protocols that operate at the transport layer
are TCP and UDP. TCP can provide reliability by establishing a
connection, maintaining flow control, and error recovery.
- An Internet television transmission is using UDP. What
happens when part of the transmission is not delivered to the
destination?
- A delivery failure message is sent to the source host.
- The part of the television transmission that was lost is re-sent.
- The entire transmission is re-sent.
- The transmission continues without the missing portion.*
Explain:
Most streaming services, such as Internet television, use UDP as the
transport layer protocol. These transmissions can tolerate some
transmission failures, and no failure messages or retransmissions are
required. Such control measures would create noticeable disruption to
the flow of data.
- Which two OSI model layers are considered to be included in the top layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack? (Choose two.)
- internet
- network
- presentation*
- session*
- transport
Explain:
The top three OSI model layers are included in the top layer of the
TCP/IP protocol stack. These top three OSI model layers include the
application, presentation, and session layers
- An author is uploading one chapter document from a personal
computer to a file server of a book publisher. What role is the personal
computer assuming in this network model?
- client*
- master
- server
- slave
- transient
Explain:
In the client/server network model, a network device assumes the role of
server in order to provide a particular service such as file transfer
and storage. The device requesting the service assumes the role of
client. In the client/server network model, a dedicated server does not
have to be used, but if one is present, the network model being used is
the client/server model. In contrast, the peer-to-peer network model
does not have a dedicated server.
- Which two automatic addressing assignments are supported by DHCP? (Choose two.)
- local server address
- subnet mask*
- default gateway address*
- physical address of the recipient
- physical address of the sender
- When a network administrator is trying to manage network
traffic on a growing network, when should traffic flow patterns be
analyzed?
- during times of peak utilization*
- during off-peak hours
- during employee holidays and weekends
- during randomly selected times
Explain:
Planning for network growth requires knowledge of the types of traffic
traveling on the network. Network administrators can use a protocol
analyzer to identify the traffic on the network. To get the best
representation of the different types of traffic, the network should be
analyzed during peak utilization.
- What is the objective of a network reconnaissance attack?
- discovery and mapping of systems*
- unauthorized manipulation of data
- disabling network systems or services
- denying access to resources by legitimate users
Explain:
The objective of a network reconnaissance attack is to discover
information about a network, network systems, and network services.
- What will be the result of failed login attempts if the following command is entered into a router?
login block-for 150 attempts 4 within 90
- All login attempts will be blocked for 150 seconds if there are 4 failed attempts within 90 seconds.*
- All login attempts will be blocked for 90 seconds if there are 4 failed attempts within 150 seconds.
- All login attempts will be blocked for 1.5 hours if there are 4 failed attempts within 150 seconds.
- All login attempts will be blocked for 4 hours if there are 90 failed attempts within 150 seconds.
Explain:
The components of the login block-for 150 attempts 4 within 90 command are as follows:
The expression block-for 150 is the time in seconds that logins will be blocked.
The expression attempts 4 is the number of failed attempts that will trigger the blocking of login requests.
The expression within 90 is the time in seconds in which the 4 failed attempts must occur.
- Which two statements correctly describe a router memory type and its contents? (Choose two.)
ROM is nonvolatile and stores the running IOS.FLASH is nonvolatile and contains a limited portion of the IOS.
RAM is volatile and stores the IP routing table.*
NVRAM is nonvolatile and stores a full version of the IOS.
ROM is nonvolatile and contains basic diagnostic software.*
Explain:
ROM is a nonvolatile memory and stores bootup instructions, basic
diagnostic software, and a limited IOS. Flash is a nonvolatile memory
used as permanent storage for the IOS and other system-related files.
RAM is volatile memory and stores the IP routing table, IPv4 to MAC
address mappings in the ARP cache, packets that are buffered or
temporarily stored, the running configuration, and the currently running
IOS. NVRAM is a nonvolatile memory that stores the startup
configuration file.
- A user reports a lack of network connectivity. The
technician takes control of the user machine and attempts to ping other
computers on the network and these pings fail. The technician pings the
default gateway and that also fails. What can be determined for sure by
the results of these tests?
The NIC in the PC is bad.The TCP/IP protocol is not enabled.
The router that is attached to the same network as the workstation is down.
Nothing can be determined for sure at this point.*
Explain:
In networks today, a failed ping could mean that the other devices on
the network are blocking pings. Further investigation such as checking
network connectivity from other devices on the same network is
warranted.
- For Cisco IOS, which escape sequence allows terminating a traceroute operation?Ctrl+Shift+6*
Ctrl+Esc
Ctrl+x
Ctrl+c
Explain:
Once a traceroute is initiated in the Cisco IOS, it can be stopped by issuing the Ctrl+Shift+6 escape sequence.
- Match the phases to the functions during the boot up process of a Cisco router. (Not all options are used.)
Place the options in the following order.
— not scored —
locale and load the Cisco IOS software -> phase 2
locate and load the startup configuration file -> phase 3
perform the POST and load the bootstrap program -> phase 1
Explain:
There are three major phases to the bootup process of a Cisco router:
Perform the POST and load the bootstrap program.
Locate and load the Cisco IOS software.
Locate and load the startup configuration file
If a startup configuration file cannot be located, the router will enter setup mode by displaying the setup mode prompt.
- What three blocks of addresses are defined by RFC 1918 for private network use? (Choose three.)
10.0.0.0/8*172.16.0.0/12*
192.168.0.0/16*
100.64.0.0/14
169.254.0.0/16
239.0.0.0/8
Explain:
RFC 1918, Address Allocation for Private Internets, defines three blocks
of IPv4 address for private networks that should not be routable on the
public Internet.
10.0.0.0/8
172.16.0.0/12
192.168.0.0/16
- A network administrator is variably subnetting a given block
of IPv4 addresses. Which combination of network addresses and prefix
lengths will make the most efficient use of addresses when the need is
for 2 subnets capable of supporting 10 hosts and 1 subnet that can
support 6 hosts?
10.1.1.128/28
10.1.1.144/28
10.1.1.160/29*10.1.1.128/28
10.1.1.144/28
10.1.1.160/28
10.1.1.128/28
10.1.1.140/28
10.1.1.158/26
10.1.1.128/26
10.1.1.144/26
10.1.1.160/26
10.1.1.128/26
10.1.1.140/26
10.1.1.158/28
Explain:
Prefix lengths of /28 and /29 are the most efficient to create subnets
of 16 addresses (to support 10 hosts) and 8 addresses (to support 6
hosts), respectively. Addresses in one subnet must also not overlap into
the range of another subnet.
- Match the descriptions to the terms. (Not all options are used.)
- Question
- Answer
Place the options in the following order.
— not scored —
CLI -> users interact with the operating system by typing commands
GUI -> enables the user to interact with the operating system by pointing and clicking
kernel -> the part of the OS that interacts directly with the device hardware
shell -> the part of the operating system that interfaces with applications and the user
Explain:
A GUI, or graphical user interface, allows the user to interact with the
operating system by pointing and clicking at elements on the screen. A
CLI, or command-line interface, requires users to type commands at a
prompt in order to interact with the OS. The shell is the part of the
operating system that is closest to the user. The kernel is the part of
the operating system that interfaces with the hardware.
- Match the requirements of a reliable network with the supporting network architecture. (Not all options are used.)
- Question
- Answer
Place the options in the following order.
Protect the network from unauthorized access. -> security
Provide redundant links and devices. -> fault tolerance
— not scored —
Expand the network without degrading the service for existing users. -> scalability
— not scored —
- Match the functions with the corresponding OSI layer. (Not all options are used.)
- Question
- Answer
Place the options in the following order.
Application layer
HTTP and FTP
end user program functionality
Presentation layer
compression
common format
Session layer
dialog maintenance
CCNA 1 Practice Final Answer 010 (v5.02, 2015)
CCNA 1 Practice Final Answer 012 (v5.02, 2015)
Subnet 192.168.1.32/27 will have a valid host range from 192.168.1.33 – 192.168.1.62 with the broadcast address as 192.168.1.63
A packet with the destination IP address of RouterA.
Which information is obtained from this command output?
[+] cables connecting rooms to wiring closets 
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.*
255.255.254.0 and 255.255.255.252*
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